Thursday, March 13, 2014

Bandafassi, Benoit, Bediks, Bannje, Beliefs

I thought I would talk to you all a bit about my day in Bandafassi with Benoit (I thought that his name was Benoir, which is the French word for a big pastic tub, which is awesome, then a friend apologetically told me otherwise, I was devastated).  Thanks a lot Jason, took a little bit of magic out of my life.  Anyway, it was one of those pleasant days when you have no real expectations, but are then pleasantly surprised.  So let me begin:

I was planning on going into Kedougou from my site for one reason or another.  Usually when I ride back to village from Kedougou I go through Bandafassi in order to hang out with friends I have there and see my Tokara (my name sake).  Because of this, usually when I go to Kedougou from site I take the straight road that cuts through the bush all the way.  But this time I had promised my friends in Bandafassi that I would pass through it the next time I rode back to Kedougou.  Usually when it’s time to go to the regional house I am out of steam and looking forward to hanging out with Americans and using things that require electricity and eating meat, so spending a day at another village on the way there can seem unappealing.  But I hadn’t been around for a while, so I thought it would be nice.  Now, my friends attend the school there, so they aren’t available until around 3:00.  I didn’t feel like milling around my village, so I thought I would ride in early and spend some time at the campement there, “the bedik”.   It’s a nice little campement with about 10 rooms and a small lounging area.  They sell cold drinks there and aren’t usually very busy, so I thought I would just drink a cold sprite and get to know the owner better.  She is a nice Bedik woman, I embarrassingly can’t remember her name, but I have only stopped by once or twice so I didn’t (and still don’t) know her very well.  She would be a good person to know, so I got to Bandafassi early and headed on over to the Bedik.

Hello Bandafassi

When I arrived there I put my bike down and walked into the little restaurant/sitting room/shade structure.  It’s a quaint little building with a small bar and a few tables with chairs around them.  I decided to put my backpack down and sit at one of the tables.  No one was there.  Hmm, what to do now?  I guess I could just go over to my friend’s house and hang out with the old people there.  As I was considering these things I see a man walk up.  He introduces himself as Benoit and says that his sister, the manager, is away at Dakar and while she is away he is in charge.  We start talking in Pular a little bit, I tell him I live in Nianghe, but am from America.  At this point he says that he actually speaks English, which is great because that means that we can have a real conversation. 

He told me that he is a Bedik man, and I thought this was a great opportunity to learn more about the Bediks in English.  So I ask him some pretty basic questions about life growing up in a Bedik village.  I was very interested in learning about the initiation ceremonies.  He said that they are not at any set date, but can be thrown at any time a boy is deemed worthy to become a man.  This could be at any age.  How does he prove this worth?  Apparently he has to demonstrate the ability to conduct himself as a man and his dedication to the village.  The example he gave was being able to carry a certain amount of wood up the mountain to the village, or to carry water or palm wine that same distance.

this hill

 Once everyone agrees that you have the qualifications of a man, they then throw the ceremony.  As an initiated man, to contribute to the village you have to carry logs of wood up the mountain every Thursday.  Along with this, you are granted access to one of the two secret houses on top of the mountain.  What is in the secret house?  I don’t know… it’s a secret.  After having been initiated for 5 years, you are then granted access to the second secret house.  Apparently it’s cooler or something because it’s even more secret than the first secret house.  Having access to this 2nd secret house also makes you eligible for marriage.  This means that you aren’t supposed to marry until you have been initiated for at least 5 years.

At this point I ask him about his views on alcohol.  I forgot to mention, he is a university educated man, majoring in film making.  I’ve noticed a sharp difference in views of university educated men and those who have not received an education.  Thus I asked his opinion of his own culture as someone who has been far enough away from it to view it with a more objective eye.  Since drinking alcohol is a big part of Bedik culture, I wanted to know what he thought of it.  He said that Bediks have to go further and further to get palm wine.  Apparently Bediks and Bassaris harvest palm wine in different ways, and the Bedik way can kill the tree.  For this reason they have to go further and further to get their palm wine.  Benoit said how when he was young he would have to carry a 20 litre barrel for kilometers in order to bring back the palm wine.  Now people bike and motorcycle theirs back.  He jokingly said that pretty soon they would need to bring out helicopters in order to bring the palm wine back.  So I asked him if he himself drank alcohol.  He said, “oh yeah, of course I do, it’s part of being a Bedik… I actually have some palm wine right here.  The first day I got back I bought some to share with people.  Let’s drink it! It makes no sense to drink alone, I can always get more.”  He was very gracious so I agreed. I just sat back, sipped on some palm wine, which is called bannje in Pular, and learned some more about Bedik culture and religion.

At this point the conversation switched to religion.  I want again to say that this blog is my own personal views and that what I am about to describe is my impressions from what I heard, I don’t claim to be an expert on Bedik religious practices and could have totally misheard and misinterpreted what I was being told.  Anyway, so apparently in Bedik religion there are many gods and spirits.  One of their more important gods is the sky god.  But since the sky god is so big and so far away, it is difficult for your prayers to reach him.  Because of this it is helpful to have a benevolent spirit amplify your prayers.  To attract these spirits you create little stone shrines.  You build up a mound of stones and place a piece of iron in the middle.  This attracts the spirits called “Jaluns”.  After this shrine is built, if you see a stone or rock moving by itself, not being propelled by any force, that means that a Jalun lives within it.  You can bring this stone back with you to your hut and put it in the corner overnight (but what if your hut is a circle and thus has no corners?!?!).  Anyway, you put the stone in your hut and place three items in front of it: a feather, a small pile of millet, and human hair.  The next morning you check the Jalun and whatever is missing is what the Jalun demands of you.  So if the feather is gone, that means every time you pray you need to have a chicken with you to please the Jalun, and then the Jalun will help your prayers reach the sky.  If the millet is missing that means you must bring millet beer when you pray.  If the human hair is missing, that means that for your prayers to reach the sky you must sacrifice a human.  This means that the Jalun is actually an evil spirit and in order to protect yourself and your village from catastrophe you must expel the stone from your hut and from your village.

All in all it was a very pleasant experience.

  It was one of those pleasant chance meeting that you weren’t expecting, but because of that make them more enjoyable.  I spent a great afternoon, drinking palm wine, speaking English, and learning and the Bedik culture.  He said he would love to practice his English as there aren’t many people in Bandafassi who speak English, and I said I wanted to learn more Bedik, so the next time I am in Bandafassi I’ll make sure to stop by for a bit of language exchange.  And who knows, maybe I can get some more palm wine!

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